“Many DCIS lesions will never progress to IBC during the patient’s lifetime [3]. Biopsy review studies of patients where DCIS was initially misdiagnosed as benign and thus not treated after biopsy suggest that up to 85% of all DCIS will never progress into IBC [3,4,5,6]. Consequently, there is a growing concern about possible overtreatment for low-risk, with favorable characteristics, DCIS [3,7,8,9]. DCIS treatment de-escalation trials are being conducted to investigate the safety of active surveillance in women with low-risk DCIS [10,11,12].” -Prediction Models and Decision Aids for Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Systematic Literature Review, Published online Jul 2, 2022.

References mentioned in above article

3. Cancer Outcomes in DCIS Patients Without Locoregional Treatment

4. The natural history of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a review

5. Outcomes of Active Surveillance for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: A Computational Risk Analysis

6. The natural history of low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in women treated by biopsy only revealed over 30 years of long-term follow-up

7. Ductal carcinoma in situ: to treat or not to treat, that is the question

8. Effect of three decades of screening mammography on breast-cancer incidence

9. Prioritization of Research Addressing Management Strategies for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

10. Addressing overtreatment of screen detected DCIS; the LORIS trial

11. The COMET (Comparison of Operative versus Monitoring and Endocrine Therapy) trial: a phase III randomised controlled clinical trial for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

12. Feasibility of a prospective, randomised, open-label, international multicentre, phase III, non-inferiority trial to assess the safety of active surveillance for low risk ductal carcinoma in situ – The LORD study